A D-latch is a level-sensitive storage device that holds or updates its output based on the Enable (E) signal:
This behavior makes the D-latch useful for temporary data storage in registers and memory elements.
The beauty of Minecraft is that they gave us a mechanism for storing memory. Although there are many different practices, we primarily rely on the data-latch or d-latch. A d-latch is a simple way to hold data in place. You can construct one with two repeaters, where one repeater "locks" the other one. When the repeater lock is established, any input data will not affect what is stored in memory. When the repeater lock is released, the data slot can be updated at will. You can think of this as choosing when or when to not hit save on a file.
Here is an example of a d-latch in three different setups. Try it yourself.